How Saudi Arabia became the world’s plastic cheerleader

By Leonie Cater | 01/15/2025 06:00 AM EST

The rich oil state has built a team of silver-tongued U.N. negotiators with a simple mandate: Keep plastic production growing.

A shopper carries a plastic bag on a street.

Saudi Arabia had powerful allies in Iran and Russia who also played a major role in pushing back on a more comprehensive plastic treaty. Ed Jones/AFP via Getty Images

BRUSSELS — Saudi Arabia: 1. The European Union and its allies: 0.

As the dust settles on last month’s failed United Nations negotiations to end plastic pollution, high-ambition countries in Europe and elsewhere are racking their brains for ways to stop Saudi Arabia from derailing the next round of talks, due later this year.

But as global consensus on environmental protection fractures — a trend likely to worsen under a Donald Trump United States presidency — it won’t be an easy task.

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Saudi Arabia, the world’s biggest crude oil exporter, was the ringleader of a group of oil-rich nations including Russia and Iran that successfully blocked efforts to limit plastic production during last month’s talks in Busan, South Korea. And there’s no reason to think they won’t try to pull the same thing this year.

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